CCNA Routing and Swithing

Created by Admin in Articles 17 Jun 2025

🧠 1. IPv4 Addressing
🔹 IP address
🔹 Versions of IP Address
🔹 Characteristics of IPv4
🔹 Classification of IPv4
🔹 Public IP Address
🔹 Private IP Address
🔹 Network Mask
🔹 Role of Network Mask in IP Addressing
🔹 Default Mask of Classful IP Address
🔹 IP Address = Network bits + Host bits
🔹 Network ID (Network Address)
🔹 Broadcast ID (Broadcast Address)
🔹 ANDing Process
🔹 Number of Network IDs & Valid IPs in Class A/B/C
🔹 Subnetting
🔹 Summarization
✅ Tips & Tricks:
🔸 Network Address
🔸 Broadcast Address
🔸 First/Last Valid IP
🔸 Valid IP Range
🔸 Subnet Mask
🔸 Block Size
🔸 Next Network Address
🔧 2. Introduction to Cisco Router
📦 General Port Diagram
🔌 Cable & Connection
🌐 Connectivity Diagram with Network Devices
🔄 3. IP Routing
📘 Basic Routing Concept
📦 Routed vs. Routing Protocols
🔸 Next Hop
🔸 Longest Match
🔸 Administrative Distance (AD)
🔸 Metric
🔸 Destination NID
🔸 Route Codes
🔸 Outgoing Interface
🧮 AD & Metrics of Routing Protocols
⚙️ 4. Static Routing
🛠️ Configure, Verify & Troubleshoot:
🔸 Static Route
🔸 Default Route
🔁 5. Dynamic Routing Protocols
🔍 Types of Dynamic Protocols
⚖️ IGP vs. EGP
🔄 Link State vs. Distance Vector
📡 6. OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
🧪 Configure, Verify & Troubleshoot
🧱 OSPF Terminology
📑 Link-State Advertisements (LSA)
🆔 Router ID & Selection
🔄 Loopback Interface & Address
⏱️ Hello Timer & Dead Timer
🗂️ OSPF Areas (Backbone, Stub, NSSA)
👥 DR/BDR Concepts
🔢 Process ID
🧮 Wildcard Mask
🔗 ABR & ASBR
🔇 Passive Interface
📊 OSPF Tables:
🔹 Neighbor Table
🔹 Topology Table
🔹 Routing Table
🧱 OSPF Network Types:
🔸 Point-to-Point
🔸 BMA
🔸 NBMA
🧠 7. EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)
🧪 Configure, Verify & Troubleshoot
🔢 Metric Composition
📊 EIGRP Tables:
🔹 Neighbor Table
🔹 Topology Table
🔹 Routing Table
🔸 Feasible Distance / Successor
🔸 Feasibility Condition
🔄 Auto/No Auto Summary
⏱️ Hello & Hold Timers
⚖️ Variance Factor
👥 Neighbor Adjacency Parameters
🌍 8. BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
🧪 Configure, Verify & Troubleshoot
🌐 BGP Introduction
🤝 BGP Neighbors (iBGP/eBGP)
🔢 ASN (Public/Private)
📊 BGP Tables
👥 Adjacency Components
🕵️ When to Use BGP
🚫 9. Packet Filtering (ACL)
🧪 Configure, Verify & Troubleshoot
🧱 Types: Standard, Extended, Named
🔁 Inbound vs. Outbound
⚠️ ACL Rules & Limitations
🌐 10. WAN Technologies
🔗 Introduction to WAN
🔄 Static NAT / Dynamic NAT / PAT
🔐 PPP Authentication / Multilink
🔒 11. VPN (Virtual Private Network)
🔐 VPN Models: GRE / MPLS / IPsec
🧱 Terminology: Tunnels / Overlays / Underlays
🌍 12. IPv6
🧪 Configure, Verify & Troubleshoot
📌 Need for IPv6
🔢 IPv6 Address Types:
🔸 Link-local
🔸 Site-local
🔸 Global Unicast
🔸 Multicast
🔸 EUI-64
🔁 IPv4 to IPv6 Migration (Dual Stack)
📦 IPv6 Supporting Protocols
🛠️ 13. Cisco Device Management
🧭 CDP
🔎 Hostname Resolution
🔁 IOS Backup/Upgrade
📂 Config File Management
🖥️ Telnet / SSH / Syslog / NTP
📡 14. IP Services
📦 DHCP Server / Client / Pools
📍 Excluded Addresses
⏳ Lease Time
🚪 Default Gateway
🔁 15. LAN Switching
🖥️ Cisco Switch Basics
🌐 VLANs, Trunking (ISL, dot1q), DTP
🔁 STP / PVSTP / RSTP + Convergence Steps
🔀 Inter-VLAN Routing / SVI
🔄 EtherChannel
🛑 HSRP (High Availability)
🛡️ 16. Network Device Security
🔐 Passwords (Enable/Secret)
🚪 VTY, SSH, Telnet, Transport
🧱 Port Security & Violation Modes:
🔸 Shutdown
🔸 Protect
🔸 Restrict
🧩 17. OSI & TCP/IP Models
📊 OSI Layer Structure & Functions
🔁 Encapsulation/De-encapsulation
🔄 PDU per Layer
💬 Peer-to-Peer Communication
⚖️ OSI vs TCP/IP
🧪 18. Network Automation
🐍 Introduction to Python for Network Scripting
🌐 19. SD-WAN Brief Introduction
🧠 Controllers / WAN Edges / Transport
🧱 VPNs / Tunnels / Overlay & Underlay Fabrics
⚙️ 20. QoS (Quality of Service)
🔄 Best Effort / IntServ / DiffServ
⚠️ Delay / Jitter / Loss
📊 Queues / Classification / Marking
⚖️ Policing / Shaping / Congestion Control